Changes to sleeping rhythms are expected throughout the lifespan. However there is no association that decreased sleep and sleep disturbances are an inherent part of the ageing process. There are a multitude of factors that come from different domains affecting sleep in old age. So these domains are best looked at through a multifactorial lens. In fact, continuing on the previous theme in the various blogs I have written over the past months – the best perspective to encompass these domains is indeed the Biopsychosocial Model as it covers the three most important domains to ageing and pain.
Reduced sleep in old age can arise mainly due to chronic pain disorders as well as psychological issues such as Depressive disorders or Anxiety disorders. Moreover, there are psychosocial factors to consider as well. Especially relevant psychosocial factors include loneliness and isolation (and social disengagement). As well as not being understood, heard or being empathised with, and loss of physical functioning.
A lack of sleep in itself, can cause older adults to feel depressed, have a low mood, feel anxious, and even fear nighttime. Moreover, these mental health symptoms as a result of a lack of sleep can also have an effect on the physical domain of older adults. Not resting and recharging well, can cause distortions in attention and concentration. This can precipitate increased falls and thus increased risk of injuries. Oftentimes, to prevent this, older adults will withdraw socially as a fear of falling emerges. Thus, impacting all 3 domains as a result of a lack of sleep.
Research has shown recommendations to improve sleeping habits in old age, including avoiding caffeine and continuing rehabilitative exercises ex: walking. Other recommendations include avoiding daytime naps, having healthy sleep hygiene, and continuing to engage in social events. Medications, in some cases, may also help with sleeping issues. As well as vitamins to increase the sleep hormone known as Melatonin. All these help reduce the effect of reduced sleep.
Mr Yaser Teebi works as a Clinical Psychologist and Gerontologist at Willingness, and works with patients with complex issues, including depression, anxiety, trauma, chronic pain, grief and cognitive impairment. Mr Teebi has graduated from the following degrees with Merit: Bachelor of Psychology (Hons), a Master of Gerontology and Geriatrics , and a Master of Psychology in Clinical Psychology, all at the University of Malta. He is currently reading for a PhD in Clinical Psychology and Geriatrics at the University of Birmingham.
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